What were the four factors that contributed to industrialization in Britain?
The Industrial Revolution saw a rapid development of manufacture take place in Uk in the tardily 18th and early 19th centuries, soon spreading to Western Europe and North America. New and improved large-calibration production methods and mechanism marked the beginnings of Industrialization. Many different factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The new inventions, admission to raw materials, merchandise routes and partners, social changes, and a stable government all paved the way for Britain to become an industry-driven country. Britain started the revolution that would develop the way in which we live today.
Staffa, Fingal'due south Cave. Joseph Mallord William Turner. 1831 to 1832
This paradigm portrays Richard Hartmann's Industrial shop in Chemnitz, Deutschland
Sachsische Maschinenfabrik Unknown Author/Scanned past Norbert Kaiser Appointment of Origin 1867-1868, PD-U.s.a.
Sachsische Maschinenfabrik Unknown Author/Scanned past Norbert Kaiser Date of Origin 1867-1868, PD-US
The Main Reasons Industrialization Broke Out in Britain First
Causes
Access to Raw Materials
Uk had admission to cotton from its colonies and could use slaves to collect it. As technology improved, cotton picking became easier and was a booming industry. Coal, iron, lead, copper, tin, limestone, and water power were also readily available for the British to apply for their industrial advancement.ane In conjunction with the navigable waterways in Britain, these ships could transport much larger amounts of coal than state modes. This coal was widely available in 18th-Century Britain. As well, coal provided much more than energy potential than wood, which was the chief prior producer of energy.2 The metropolis of Bristol saw massive increases in coal production over a class of 120+ years, get-go with 90,000 tons produced in 1700, all the way to a production of 600,000 tons by 1830. Iron was the preferred metal for tools and equipment until steel was used. The fe and steel factories caused dense fogs of soot and noxious waste product gases, which then caused diseases. The burning of coal too caused severe air pollution.
Lord Hopetoun's Lead Mines. Paul Sandby, 1731-1809, British 1751
Lord Hopetoun's Lead Mines. Paul Sandby, 1731-1809, British 1751
Carding, Cartoon and Roving. Allom, Thomas, 1804-1872 1836
Carding, Cartoon and Roving. Allom, Thomas, 1804-1872 1836
Lord Hopetoun's Lead Mines. Paul Sandby, 1731-1809, British 1751
Lord Hopetoun's Lead Mines. Paul Sandby, 1731-1809, British 1751
Carding, Cartoon and Roving. Allom, Thomas, 1804-1872 1836
Carding, Cartoon and Roving. Allom, Thomas, 1804-1872 1836
Trade Routes and Partners
Co-ordinate to Eric Hobsbawm , "transportation and communication were comparatively easy and cheap, since no part of Britain is more seventy miles away from the sea, and fifty-fifty less from some navigable waterway." This was true in eighteenth century Uk. Canals were built in the rivers of Britain from 1760-1800 to allow ships to transport goods and for a quicker rate. Great britain had access to local and international economies considering of their powerful Navy and other ships.3Railroads were also built to allow more than efficient trade and transportation of goods. The first public railway opened in 1825 and ran from Stockton to Darlington. Built by George Stephenson, the Newcastle based begetter of the railways, this was the precursor of the Liverpool to Manchester railway and ultimately the national rail network.(iv) The British regime allowed strange trade and domestic to occur to expand the economy and abound industries.
A Stable Government/Stable Monetary System
All of these changes occurring in United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland were held together by its stable regime. Regular meetings of Parliament, and longer legislative sessions, allowed time to deal with local issues. Fewer bills failed, and promoters grew in conviction so that the number of petitions and bills increased rapidly.(12) At that place were drastic differences in the economies when comparison Britain to other European mainland countries. The pound sterling was the national currency during the entire pre-industrial and Industrial Revolution time period time, and it is still the currency used to today in Uk.
Effects
New Inventions
The creation of new inventions sparked the alter of many industries in United kingdom. The Steam Engine, invented in 1763 past James Watt, created a huge boost in production. From the years 1804-1805, an engineer, John Farey, visited every steam-powered institution in London, from calico printers to atomic number 26 foundries and breweries. While he was there, he counted 112 steam engines at work, which were producing 1,355 horsepower. He then compared that to the 32 steam engines in Manchester, which was producing less than a 3rd of that energy. In 1825, on the cusp of the railway era and the massive expansion of the Lancashire textiles industry, in that location were most 290 steam engines in London, compared with 240 in Manchester, 130 in Leeds, and 80 to ninety in Glasgow.(half-dozen)
The 'Rocket'-Museum of Science Edward McKnight Kauffer 1922
In 1829, George Stephenson'south7 patented "Rocket" moved materials along more than quickly. This motorcar was powered by a combination of coal and steam power. With this device, Stephenson gear up a new speed tape of 28 mph. This was an phenomenal achievement for the time that awed spectators. Never before had they seen something manmade move then fast.
The Atomic number 26 Bridge Across the Severn. William Wiliams, 1780. Ironbridge Gorge Museum.
The world'south get-go atomic number 26 bridge was completed well-nigh 1779. It spanned beyond the Severn River in Great britain. Abraham Darby is credited for spearheading this projection that allowed for easy access beyond the river. This was the kickoff of many bridges that would soon exist created to allow for the transportation of products.10
Arkwright's Cotton Manufacturing plant. Joseph Wright, 1783. Private Drove.
Richard Arkwright owned Arkwright's Cotton wool Manufacturing plant by the River Derwent, in Derbyshire. His cotton manufacturing plant had a water frame powered past a water bike that made strong, lengthwise cotton warp threads. This was the first cotton fiber mill purposely built to firm working spinning machines, spinning four spindles of cotton threads at a time.
Edmund Cartwright invented The Power Loom, which was a steam-powered, mechanically operated version of the regular loom. It was an invention which combined threads to make cloth. When the power loom was created women replaced men as weavers in textile factories. He prepare a manufacturing plant in Doncaster, just went bankrupt in 1793. Cartwright ended up helping an American inventor, named Robert Fulton, with the invention of steamboats.(9)
Richard Arkwright owned Arkwright's Cotton Mill by the River Derwent, in Derbyshire. His cotton mill had a water frame powered by a water bicycle that made strong, lengthwise cotton warp threads. This was the commencement cotton mill purposely congenital to business firm working spinning machines, spinning iv spindles of cotton threads at a time. This cotton mill allowed many people to be employed and it caused the cotton textile industry to boom.(11) In the 1780's, Britain produced shut to 40 million yards of cotton cloth per year. By 1850 Britain produced almost 2000 million yards per year.
Education
While the economy was growing in pre-industrial Britain, education was becoming readily available for a larger portion of the population. British citizens had admission to education that was defective in other countries around the world. The increased corporeality of literacy created improvements in reading skills, pregnant more than people could read educational activity manuals about machines.(5) This as well meant that more people could offset reading books nigh the Revolution as it occurred, thus sparking/maintaining interest in technology and innovation.
Schools like the University of Oxford (shown to the left), were where many people learned the skills they needed in order to become skilled industrial workers.
A Workforce Able to Relocate
A few centuries before the industrial revolution in 1500, almost 75% of the English population were agricultural workers, which would be downward to 35% in 1800. They would end up leaving these agricultural fields in order to go to the urban center to discover jobs with industrialized machinery. The rich population, who used to live in the city, would relocate themselves to new areas for their careers (two). Please follow this link for more data on the agricultural revolution.
Geographic Location During Napoleonic Wars
Due to the English Channel separating Great Britain and mainland Europe, the British were largely able to focus on their homeland. While the residuum of the Europe'due south young men were in armies were fighting each other in Europe, the British youth were in schools learning skills such as Mathematics and Engineering, which would show very useful during the Revolution. Being separated from the remainder of Europe was probably the all-time matter for Britain. It made it much more successful, not but in the industry attribute, but for the state and people as a whole. As much equally being separated from the remainder of Europe by the English Aqueduct helped United kingdom further their advancement into their Industrial Revolution, it helped assistance them in the wars they took role in also. The English language Channel was the perfect place for British people to smuggle goods into France. France banned all goods from Britain to come into France. Gavin Daly supports this idea when he states, "English subjects along the Channel shore continued to trade illegally with the enemy, with the Channel providing a permeable border rather than an impenetrable defensive barrier".(13) This smuggling supports Uk's growth in the Industrial Revolution because their good are all the same getting distributed and sold. Daly also declares, "English smugglers were an integral part of cross‐Aqueduct contraband networks involving capital germination, production, transportation, distribution, and sales. The larger‐calibration operations were clandestine international business concern enterprises, at the forefront of supplying eighteenth‐century Britain's "consumer revolution" with cheap tea and tobacco."(14)
This map (provided by the BBC) shows each armed services district that Napoleon would have had to face if he really did invade. The government tried to downplay the threat that the French war machine presented, merely many civilians took notice of the threat. Soldiers were prepared and equipped to fight a state battle on their homeland.
The Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on Great U.k. too as the residuum of the world. New inventions such as James' Watt'due south Steam Engine helped propel the economic system forward like never seen before. Great Uk'southward access to valuable materials such as coal, iron, and pb are what provided the "fuel" for the nation to revolutionize its industry. The strong British Navy, along with its hands navigable inner waterways, helped transport all of these materials to the British mainland. A new educational organization was implemented to provide a capable workforce for these new areas affecting the British lodge. Regular Parliament meetings tied into a free-thinking society, which meant that the state would be a stable place where new ideas could abound and prosper. The large amount of ideas and the new machinery acquired many workers, who were formerly employed in large amounts in the agronomical field, to move in the city to find the jobs concerning technology. In this era, England was also able to continue its homeland away from the Napoleonic Wars, creating a sense of stability and security. All of these factors are combined to provide some insight into Swell Britain's role in the Industrial Revolution.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
What was ane of the raw materials Britain had access to during the Industrial Revolution?
Truthful or False? Britain did not have a stable government and currency during the Industrial Revolution.
What per centum of the British population were agronomical workers in 1800?
True or False? Being carve up from the rest of Europe benefited the British economically and militarily.
What was the speed of Stephenson's Rocket that ready a new speed record?
1 New World Encyclopedia Editors, "History of the Industrial Revolution", February 26, 2014, Accessed February 29, 2016, http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/History_of_the_Industrial_Revolution.
two Barrie Trinder, "Uk's Industrial Revolution" (The Making of a Manufacturing People), Page 282, Carnegie Publishing, 2013.
3George P. Landow, "The Industrial Revolution: An Introduction," Victorian Spider web , Last modified Oct 9, 2015, http://www.victorianweb.org/technology/ir/ir1.html .
4David Waller, "Applied science capital and then and now," History Today 65, no. xi (2015): 36-38, Accessed April 5, 2016, http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=338f916a-2d0a-446d-a7af-0811be4cdbfd%40sessionmgr103&vid=7&hid=128 .
5George P. Landow, "The Industrial Revolution: An Introduction," Victorian Web , Last modified October 9, 2015, http://www.victorianweb.org/technology/ir/ir1.html .
sixDavid Waller, "Technology capital then and now," History Today 65, no. 11 (2015): 36-38, Accessed April five, 2016, http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=338f916a-2d0a-446d-a7af-0811be4cdbfd%40sessionmgr103&vid=7&hid=128 .
7 Barrie Trinder, "Britain's Industrial Revolution (The Making of a Manufacturing People)", pg. 282, Carnegie Publishing, 2013 .
8Matthew White, "The Industrial Revolution", British Library/Georgian Britain, Accessed Apr 26, 2016, http://www.bl.britain/georgian-uk/articles/the-industrial-revolution.
9 R.M. Hartwell, "The Causes of the Industrial Revolution in England", pgs.104-105, Methuen & CO LTD, 1967
tenWilliam Wiliams, "The Iron Bridge across the Severn," Images of the Industrial Revolution in Britain , Accessed April 4, 2016, http://world wide web.netnicholls.com/neh2001/pages/aspects2/24frame.htm .
elevenJoseph Wright , "Arkwright's Cotton Mill," Images of the Industrial Revolution in Uk , Accessed April 4, 2016, http://www.netnicholls.com/neh2001/pages/aspects2/25frame.htm .
12John Beckett,"The Glorious Revolution, Parliament, and the Making of the First Industrial Nation," Parliamentary History (Wiley-Blackwell) 33, no. one (February 2014): 36-53, Academic Search Consummate , EBSCO host (accessed Feb 25, 2016), http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=7&sid=96972adc-3d7d-4636-a00f-08c3e872b98c%40sessionmgr114&hid=118 .
13 Gavin Daly. 2007. "English Smugglers, the Aqueduct, and the Napoleonic Wars, 1800–1814". Journal of British Studies 46 (1). [Cambridge University Press, North American Conference on British Studies]: 30. doi:x.1086/508397.
14Ibid., xxx.
fifteenBarry & Pugin, (Architect). "House of Eatables. Speaker's Chair." Artstor. Accessed Apr 5, 2016. http://library.artstor.org/library/welcome.html#3|search|1|House20of20Commons2E20Speaker27s20Chair|Multiple20Collection20Search|||type3D3126kw3DHouse20of20Commons2E20Speaker27s20Chair26id3Dall26name3DAll20Collections26origKW3D
16"England: Railroad tunnel entrance: print." Artstor. Accessed April 5, 2016. http://library.artstor.org/library/welcome.html#three|search|v|All20Collections3A20England20railroad|Advanced20Search|||type3D3526kw3DEngland20railroad7Call26geoIds3D26clsIds3D26id3Dall26bDate3D3137303026eDate3D3139303026dExact3D3026origKW3DEngland20railroad7Call
Source: http://foundations.uwgb.org/cause-and-effect/
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